General Information

Time zone

Egypt is two hours ahead of GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) during winter. During summer, from May 1st till October 1st, the clocks move one hour forward.

Egypt in View
Temperature

Local daytime temperatures range as follows for the year (°C):

    • JAN
    • FEB
    • MAR
    • APR
    • MAY
    • JUN
    • JUL
    • AUG
    • SEP
    • OCT
    • NOV
    • DEC

    • CAIRO
    • High
      Low

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9


    • Luxor
    • High
      Low

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9


    • Aswan
    • High
      Low

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9

    • 19
      9


Language

The national language in Egypt is Arabic. However, tourists will rarely find a problem communicating as English is widely spoken in hotels and shops, with French a close second, and many staff in tourist areas also speaking German or Italian.

    • English
    • Arabic
    • English
    • Arabic
    • English
    • Arabic

    • Egypt
    • Mus-r / Mis-r
    • Water
    • Maya
    • Good morning
    • Saba-hel-kheer

    • Beer
    • Beera
    • Good evening
    • Misaa’ el-kheer
    • How much?
    • Bi-kem?

    • Welcome!
    • A-h-lan!
    • That’s a lot!
    • Kiteer awi!
    • Goodbye
    • Maa salaama

    • Beautiful
    • Gameel
    • Please
    • Min fad-lak
    • Wow, cool!!
    • Ishta!!

    • Thank you
    • Shok-ran
    • Never mind
    • Maa-lesh
    • Yes
    • Ay-wa

    • Tomorrow
    • Bok-ra
    • No
    • La’-a
    • if God wills!
    • In-sha’ al-lah

    • Tips
    • Bak-sheesh
    • No problem!
    • Ma-feesh mosh-kla



Electricity

Egypt electrical current is 220V, and sockets take the standard continental European dual round-pronged plug. If you do not have the correct adaptor with you, your hotel Housekeeping department may have one available upon request.

Shopping for souvenirs

Shopping in Egypt can be relaxed and leisurely, at high-class souvenir stores and hotel outlets, or part of an authentic – but sometimes hectic! – Middle Eastern experience at the local bazaars and souks. Particularly in the local bazaars, a healthy amount of bargaining is expected – which means that the “best”, or “correct” price is simply the one that both parties agree on during that sale. Enjoy the game!

  • Gold and silver jewelry, or “Cartouches” inscribed with your name in hieroglyphics.
  • Wooden boxes inlaid with mother-of-pearl.
  • Hand-engraved brass and copper-work.
  • Carved alabaster from the quarries of Upper Egypt.
  • Hand-sewn appliqué work – with Arabic, Pharaonic, or “naïf” folk designs.
  • Cotton “Galabeyyas” – traditional robes and kaftans, often beautifully embroidered.
  • Papyrus – still made by traditional methods, and hand-painted with intricate designs.
Alcoholic drinks:
  • Wine – Egyptian wine has undergone something of a renaissance since the old government company was privatized, and competition sprang up, both in the same year. Now, both local brands are pleasant table wines.

    • The “Obélisque” range is made in Egypt but with imported Italian grapes, and is a little drier and heavier.
    • The “Gianaclis” range is made with grapes from Egyptian vineyards, and is a little lighter and fruitier.
Non-alcoholic drinks:
  • Beer – Even more so than wine, the Egyptian brewing industry has recently transformed itself into an overnight success story, with many new local brands as well as big foreign names brewed under license in Egypt. Try out some of these:

    • Stella Local & Export – a standard lager.
    • Heineken – a light lager.
    • Sakara Gold – a regular lager.
    • Sakara Premium – stronger version of the above.
    • Löwenbräu – the famous German beer, locally brewed under license.

Chronology of Egyptian History

Ancient Egypt
    • Period
    • Rulers
    • Dates
    • Monuments

    • Pre-Dynastic Age
    • Scattered Cultures
    • 6000 – 3000 BC

    • Pre-Dynastic Age
    • Scattered Cultures
    • 6000 – 3000 BC

    • Archaic Period
    • Dynasties 1 – 2
    • 3100 – 2700 BC
    • Memphis, Saqqara, Abydos

    • Old Kingdom
    • Dynasties 3 – 6
    • 2700 – 2150 BC
    • Saqqara, Giza, Dahshur

    • 1st Intermediate Period
    • Dynasties 7 – 10
    • 2150 – 2050 BC

    • Middle Kingdom
    • Dynasties 11 – 12
    • 2050 – 1770 BC
    • Dahshur, Lisht, Luxor area

    • Middle Kingdom
    • Dynasties 11 – 12
    • 2050 – 1770 BC
    • Dahshur, Lisht, Luxor area

    • 2nd Intermediate Period (Hyksos)
    • Dynasties 13 – 17
    • 1750 – 1550 BC
    • San El-Haggar

    • New Kingdom
    • Dynasties 18 – 20
    • 1550 – 1070 BC
    • Memphis, Tel El-Amarna

    • 3rd Intermediate Period
    • Dynasties 21 – 24
    • 1070 – 750 BC
    • Luxor area

    • Nubian Period
    • Dynasty 25
    • 750 – 660 BC
    • Nubia Museum, Luxor area

    • Saitic Period
    • Dynasty 26
    • 660 – 525 BC
    • Sais, Luxor area

    • Persian Period
    • Dynasty 27
    • 525 – 402 BC
    • Luxor area, Kharga

    • Egyptian Restoration
    • Dynasties 28 – 30
    • 402 – 346 BC
    • Luxor area

    • Persian Re-conquest
    • Dynasty 30
    • 346 – 332 BC
    • Luxor area




GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT
    • Period
    • Rulers
    • Dates
    • Monuments

    • Alexander III, the Macedonian
    • Alexander the Great
    • 332 – 323 BC
    • Alexandria, Luxor area

    • Ptolemaic Period
    • Ptolemies & Cleopatras
    • 323 – 30 BC
    • Esna, Edfu, Kom Ombo

    • Roman Period
    • Roman Emperors
    • 30 BC – 395 AD
    • Philae, Dendera

    • Byzantine / Coptic Period
    • Byzantine Emperors
    • 395 – 642 AD
    • St. Catherine’s, Old & Coptic




ISLAMIC EGYPT
    • Period
    • Rulers
    • Dates
    • Monuments

    • Rashidun Caliphs
    • Amr Ibn Al-“Ass
    • 640 – 660 AD
    • Mosque of Amr, Fustat

    • Umayyad Period
    • Caliphs in Damascus
    • 660 – 750 AD
    • Fustat

    • Abbasid Period
    • Caliphs in Baghdad
    • 750 – 868 AD

    • Tulunid Period
    • Ahmad Ibn Tulun
    • 868 – 905 AD
    • Ibn Tulun Mosque

    • Ikhshidid Period
    • Caliphs in Baghdad
    • 905 – 969 AD
    • Fatimid walls, Azhar Mosque

    • Fatimid Period
    • Caliphs in Cairo
    • 969 – 1171 AD
    • Citadel, Imam El-Shafi”I

    • Ayyubid Period
    • Sultan Salah El-Din
    • 1171 – 1250 AD
    • Sultan Hassan Mosque

    • Mamluk Period
    • Mamluk Sultans
    • 1250 – 1517 AD
    • Muhammad Aboul Dahab

    • Ottoman Period
    • Sultans in Istanbul
    • 1517 – 1798 AD

    • French Expedition to Egypt
    • Napoleon Bonaparte
    • 1798 – 1801 AD




MODERN EGYPT
    • Period
    • Rulers
    • Dates
    • Monuments

    • Reign of Muhammad Ali
    • Wali of Egypt
    • 1805 – 1848 AD
    • Muhammad Ali Mosque

    • Muhammad Ali Dynasty
    • Khedives, Sultans & Kings
    • 1848 – 1952 AD
    • Suez Canal, Abdin Palace

    • British Occupation
    • Overlaps the above
    • 1881 – 1936 AD

    • King Farouk
    • Last King of Egypt
    • 1936 – 1952 AD




CONTEMPORARY EGYPT
    • Period
    • Rulers
    • Dates
    • Monuments

    • President Naguib
    • 1st President of Egypt
    • 1952 – 1953 AD

    • President Gamal Abdel Nasser
    • 2nd President of Egypt
    • 1953 – 1970 AD
    • Aswan High Dam

    • President Anwar El-Sadat
    • 3rd President of Egypt
    • 1970 – 1981 AD

    • President Hosni Mubarak
    • 4th President of Egypt
    • 1981 - present


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